1880s

The 1880s were an eventful decade in Indiantown (later called Kewadin).

Photo of unnamed man said to be from Kewadin, date unknown. 

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 26 Mar 1880 "Thursday Louie Roberts and an Indian after partaking of a little of the 'Oh! be joyful' started to cross Elk Lake, when Roberts fell and received a 'tunk' on his head. A physician was called who pronounced the injuries slight, but recommended that he be allowed to sober off. The Indian was quite communicative and said that Roberts drank eleven glasses of beer and one glass of whisky, and that he, the Indian, drank just as much as Roberts did. It is known where the Indian got the beer and whisky, too."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 21 May 1880 "Some years ago a gentleman by the name of Kelsey, from Southern Michigan, was visiting this part of the country and had occasion to cross the bay to Old Mission, having an Indian who went by the name of 'Big Dave' to take his across in a canoe. When nearly across a squall come up and the canoe was overturned throwing both into the water. They both came up and caught hold of the canoe, and before Dave had the water out of his lungs he yelled out: Mr. Kelsey! Mr. Kelsey! If we be drowned, put it in de papah! Put it in de papah! As Mr. Kelsey told us this afterwards, and as we saw Big Dave yesterday and having never seen a notice in de papah, we conclude that they arrived at Old Mission safe.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - also 21 May 1880 "Big Dave," the Indian preacher, speared nearly 100 fish one night this week."

Mary Ogeciloniquet, daughter of Gabral and Susan was born 10 Jun 1880

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 11 Jun 1880 "A couple of Indians whose names are Tom Fisher and Jacob Allen broke into E.H. Hale's store at Indian Town last night and proceeded to smash things. They were captured and Hale and a man by the name of Campbell who brought them to this place and lodged them for the night.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 11 Jun 1880 "Oliver Powers went out in the country this morning to arrest Jim Coleman who was seen to pick the pockets yesterday of an Indian names Jim Fisher."

James Re-ves, 67, blacksmith, born Milton township, married on 15 Jun 1880 in Milton to Sarah Martin, nee Bemmigno, 81, born Old Mission, . Ceremony was performed by Andrew Anderson, Justice of the Peace. David King and Maggie Arnold were witnesses.

1880 Federal Census was taken on 23 Jun in Milton township. The information is only as good as the person taking the census could understand. Spelling was not a requirement of the job. 

144/145 Miller, James, male, 36, married, farmer
Margarette, female, 31, married, keeping house (under the question about is anyone ill on the day the census taker visited is the word fever)
Edward C., male, 14, single, at home
Rose A., female, 10, single
Solomon N., male, 7, single
Mary M., female, 4, single
Lilie Anna, female, 2, single
Allen, Jacob, male, 29, wife's brother, single

145/156 Wah-ne-ge-zek, Geo, male, married, farm laborer
Me-zonqua, female, 39, married, keeping house, cannot read or write
Anna, female, 16, single, at home
Samson, male, 14, single, at home
Jonah, male, 12, single, at home
Eli, male, 10, single
William, male, 1, single

146/157 Me-me-go-nah, male, 75, widowed, cannot read or write
Mark, male, 39, married
Eliza, female, 29, married, cannot read or write, (under the question maimed, crippled, bedridden or otherwise disabled - yes)
James, male, 9, single
Benjamin, male, 7, single
David, male, 4, single
Frank, male, 1, single

147/185 King, David, male, 40, married, fisherman, cannot write
Me-jeu-dah, female, 39, wife, cannot read or write
George, male, 28, son, single, cannot read or write
Mary, female, 24, daughter, cannot read or write
Jacob, male, 20, son, cannot read or write
Joseph, male, 10, son, single
Eliza, female, 8, daughter, single
Susan, female, 6, daughter, single

148/159 Che-bo, John, male, 75 widowed, cannot read or write
Jacob S., male, 28, son, married, cannot read or write
Ma-ah-job-is, female, 40, son's wife, married, cannot read or write
Aikin, Stephen, male, 50 boarder, single, cannot read or write

149/160 Mab-ska-ne-quan, Martin, male, 39, married, cannot read or write
Sha-ne-sh, female, 30, wife, cannot read or write
John, male, 8, son, single

150/161 Wab-kane-quam, P.M., 38, married, cannot read or write
Anna, female, 28, wife, cannot read or write
Alfred, male, 9, son, single
Jane, female, 7, daughter, single
David, male, 5, son, single
Lillie, female, 4/12 (Feb), daughter, single

151/162 Wab-se kah, male, 65, widowed, cannot read or write
John, male, 25, son, single, cannot read or write
Joseph, male, 39, son, married, cannot read or write
Margaret, female, 28, son's wife, married, cannot read or write
Angelic, female, son's daughter, single
John, male, 6, son's son, single
Charlotte, female, 2, son's daughter, single

152/163 Wab-se-kah, Peter, male, 28, married, cannot read or write
Mary female, 40, wife, married, cannot read or write
Jane, female, 6, daughter, single

153/164 Peston-e-gueb, Gabrial, male, 40, married, cannot read or write
Dorah, female, 39, wife, married, cannot read or write
Mitchell, male, 20, brother, single, cannot read or write
John, male, 18, brother, single, cannot read or write
George, 16, son, single
Joseph, 14, son, single
Peter, male, 10, son, single
Catherine, female, 8, daughter, single

154/165 Ke-nay-jin, male, 90, widowed, cannot read or write
Wau-doh-sa-mose, Peter, male, 26, son-in-law, married, cannot read or write
Margaret, female, 46, daughter, married, cannot read or write
Elize, female, 6, granddaughter, single

155/166 Trot-sho, Louis, male, 28, married, cannot read or write
Madeline, female, 38, wife, married, cannot read or write
Mary, female, 6, daughter, single
Jane, female, 1 1/2, daughter, single

156/167 Ke-ne-she-nay, male, 75, married, cannot read or write
K-win-sha, female, 60, wife, married, cannot read or write

157/168 Was-se-guan, Joseph, male, 26, married, cannot read or write
Eliza, female, 20, wife, married, cannot read or write
John, male, 7, son, single
Mary, female, 4, daughter, single

158/169 No-pe-me-ua, Mary, female, 45, widowed, cannot read or write
William, male, 14, son, single

159/170 As-qua-go-nah-be, George, male, 45, married, farmer, cannot read or write
Sarah, female, 30, wife, keeping house, cannot read or write
John, male, 26, son, married in census year, cannot read or write
Mary, female, 18, son's wife, married, cannot read or write
James, male, 10, son, single
John, male, 8, son, single
William, male, 6, son, single

160/171 La-go-sa, James, male, 65, married, blacksmith, cannot read or write
Jane, female, 40, wife, keeping house, cannot read or write

161/172 Nos-ka, Edward, male, 55, married, cannot read or write
Jane, female, 38, wife, married, cannot read or write
Angus, male, 16, son, single, cannot write
Susan, female, 12, daughter, single, cannot write
Thomas, male, 15, son, single, cannot write

162/173 Mak-iw-ok, male, 45, married, cannot read or write
Mary, female, 30, wife, married, cannot read or write

163/174 Shob-mas-in, Philip, male, 26, married
Sarah, female, 30, wife, married
Mary, female, 10, daughter, single
Rosa, female, 6, daughter, single

164/175 Ka-ge, Henry, male, 90, married, cannot write
Mary, female, 90, wife, married, cannot write

165/176 Fisher, Charles, male, 85, widowed, cannot write
Mary, female, 104, mother, widowed, cannot read or write
Mary, female, 65, sister, widowed, cannot read or write
Jane, female, 50, sister, widowed, cannot read or write
Tom, male, 26, nephew, single, cannot read or write

In another part of Milton township is the John Smoke family.

252/268 Smoke, John, male, 40, married, wood chopper, cannot read or write
Julia, female, 28, wife, married, wood chopper, cannot read or write [census taker error for her occupation?]
Julia, female, 10, daughter, single, cannot read or write
Junius, male, 5, son, single
Cathrena, female, 3, daughter, single
infant, female, 5/12 (January), daughter, single

Living in adjoining Elk Rapids township:

21/22 Nah-ne-ghe-zick, male, 75, married, laborer, cannot read or write
Martha, female, 60 wife, married, keeping house, cannot read or write
Peter, male, 27, son, single, laborer

22/23 Me-me, John, male, 35, married, laborer, cannot read or write
Angeline, female, 50, married, keeping house, cannot read or write

Working in Elk Rapids Village - at the boarding house of S.S. Spaulding are:

103/96 Paul, Mary, female, 26, servant, single, domestic servant
Shagustcha, Stella, female, 26, servant, single, domestic servant

Mary O-ge-ket-on-q-quet, daughter of Gabral and Susan died 22 Jul 1880 at the age of 1 month, 12 days.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 27 Aug 1880 "A good many Indians have left this place this week to attend camp meeting at New Mission which is being held this week. We learn that an excursion is to be given to New Mission Sunday.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 3 Dec 1880 "One night last week an Indian soaked in the river for an hour, and yelled lustily for help before the help came nigh."

On 28 Dec 1880, Nancy, 30, married, daughter of James Ake and Lucy died of consumption of the lungs.

There was a Methodist Indian Mission in Elk Rapids from 1874-1893. In 1880 the membership was 35 people and would include people from Kewadin.

On 25 Mar 1881 John Akin, 43, born Green Bay, married Julia Smoke, 15, born Muskegon River. Ceremony performed by Andrew Anderson, Justice of the Peace. Witnesses were Edward Naska, Mary Smoke and John Smoke.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 20 May 1881 "Indians are spearing large quantities of suckers these days."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 12 Aug 1881 "An Indian by the name of Brown had his satchel cut open Tuesday and fifty-five dollars in a pocket book stolen."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 12 Aug 1881 "John Cameron was arrested yesterday for cutting open Indian Brown's satchel and stealing $55."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 25 Aug 1881 "Two Indians who had been drinking yesterday, got into a quarrel and Peter Wanageshick struck Jacob Allen in the head with a piece of cinder cracking his skull. Dr. G.H. Bailey dressed the wound."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 14 Oct 1881 "Mr. Mon-ow-o-quot, of Harbor Springs, died at Elk Rapids a few days ago. He thought he was 115 years old, and was one of the original landed proprietors of this state." 

His death was not recorded in Antrim county.  [Blog post about David Me-naw-naw-quot.]

Fall of 1881 saw small pox come to the area.

William Thomson, supervisor of Milton township, Antrim county reported on Dec. 12, 1881.

"The infection was brought to this township by an Indian from Sutton's Bay, Leelanaw county, Michigan. The number of deaths is 10, and the number of cases is 12. There are no cases at present in the township. A quarantine has been established within the township, 1 1/2 miles from any public highway, where all parties that have been exposed to the disease are now. Communication is made by a bulletin board. A disinfectant has been used quite extensively amongst the Indians; sulphur has been used. I think they have been used with good results. [Michigan Dept. of Health – Annual Report, 1882 pages 392-393]

In Kewadin smallpox started with John Smoke and in 3 1/2 weeks took his entire family.

John Smoke, age 30, died 20 Oct. (listed as single)

Ma-ge-nah, age 25, died 10 Nov, wife of John Smoke, listed as married

Lucy Smoke, age 3, died 14 Nov, daughter of John Smoke and Ma-ge-nah

Madeline Smoke, age 10 days, died 14 Nov, daughter of John Smoke and Ma-ge-nah

Mary Smoke, age 11, died 15 Nov, daughter of John Smoke and Ma-ge-nah

Next to die:

Samuel, age 5, died 15 Nov, son of Noch-we-ge-sick

Oh-me-quay, age 30, died 24 Nov, single

Mary No-pe-nee-quay, age 50, died 25 Nov, single

Aiken, age 42, died 1 Dec, married

Julia Aiken, age 9, died 1 Dec, daughter of Aiken

Me-shaw-n-qua, age 50, died 2 Dec, married

Na-ah-te-no-quay, age 48, 20 Dec, married

Ce-me-mah,go-quah, age 95, 21 Dec, married

The Elk Rapids newspapers of the time were slow to report.

Nov 4, 1881 "The Indian who was reported to have had the small pox died on Friday. It has been pronounced no to be small pox but the result of sleeping among poison ivy"

Nov 25, 1881 "A case of small pox has been reported at Indian Town. Every precaution has been taken to prevent its spread"

Dec 2, 1881 "Ten Indians have died of small-pox at Indian Town, and those that have been exposed to the disease are kept away from the others."

Dec 2, 1881 "The small-pox is creating considerable excitement among the Indians and they are scattering in all directions. No white person has had the disease yet, and precautions are being wisely taken.

Whoever reported that there was small-pox in this village [Elk Rapids] to the State Board of Health did it maliciously or else he did not know much about the geography of his own town. All the cases that are known of in the county have been in Milton township."

Dec 23, 1881 "Phy Bailey vaccinated 54 Indians at Deroucher's and it worked on 53. All that could be done, has been, to alleviate the sufferings of the Indians there, and to prevent the spread of the disease"

Grace Hooper's Pioneer Notes gives this incorrect story of smallpox in Kewadin. "One fall a ship came to Traverse City and put ashore a man with small pox. The man sat by the old dock eating when Wa-qua-see, an Indian, passed by. The man gave the Indian some of his food. Next morning the man was found between two lumber piles, frozen to death. In a short time, the Indian came to Kewadin, stopping at several tepees to visit. The next day he died. He had stopped at Jacob Sogod's. There, a relative became sick and Jacob took care of him, but did not become sick for he had swallowed some of the fluid of the skunk mixed with herbs. This kept the sickness away. Had the others known this sickness was coming, they could have stopped it, but about fifty people died. Some bodies were buried, but some whole families were left unburied. Small pox had swept the village like a plague."  [This was not how the disease came to Milton township and the death toll was ten.]

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 21 Apr 1882 "G.D. Wyckoff intends removing soon to Indian Town and keeping a store in the place now occupied by E.H. Hale."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 19 May 1882 "The Indians are netting a great many black bass at Petobago pond."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 19 May 1882 "The Indians are spearing suckers and herring by the boat load in the river."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 19 May 1882 "Several squaws came into town Wednesday evening and reported the James Miller had killed Jim Fisher. The only truth about the matter was that Miller and Fisher got tight that afternoon and in the fight that ensued, Fisher received a bloody nose.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 2 Jun 1882 "George Tob-a-sha-ge-go, son of the old Chief Aqua-ga-na-ba, died at his home at Indian Town, last Saturday and was buried Monday. Although he was the hereditary chieftain of the Indians here, they paid no particular attention to him, or even the old chief for some time before the former died and much less attention to the latter."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 9 Jun 1882 "An Indian caught a 16 inch speckled trout at the chute Monday."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 28 Jul 1882 "Tuesday night an Indian who goes by the name of Brown, went to Pete Wa-na-gi-zic's hut and commenced pounding on the door, when Wa-na-gi-zic opened the door and struck Brown with an ax several times, cutting a gash about an inch long in his upper lip, and another peeling off his left eyebrow, and also slight wounds above and below his right eye."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 18 Aug 1882 "Indian camp meeting commenced at Northport Tuesday."

6 Oct 1882 in Elk Rapids, Peter Ta-ba-keyaw, 26, of Charlevoix and Josette Michegaw, 17, also of Charlevoix were married by James J. McLaughin, justice of the peace. Witnesses were Peter Meyers and Peter Boyasaw.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 13 Oct 1882 "An Indian banged Goodly Peterson with a piece of cinder night before last. Goodly now carries his head in a rag."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 27 Oct 1882 "Last Saturday night word was brought to this village that a murder had been committed beyond Indian town. The Prosecuting Attorney, who was then at Traverse City, was informed of the fact arrived about 1 o'clock; Sunday morning. In the meantime Joseph P. Mullery, Christopher Hughes and Perry Stocking started for the scene and arrested Joseph Nah-sho-ga-she, better known as Joseph Wah-be-sa, and George Ge-wa-je-wan, son of Gabriel O-ge-ta-na-quet, more commonly called Pe-ton-ne-quet, as the ones supposed to have murdered Peter Pe-dwa-we-dam, commonly called Peter Ke-wa-din and nearly murdered Peter Mark Nah-we-ge-shig, usually called P.M. From one who saw them that night we glean the following facts; It seems that the four mentioned left this place late in the afternoon of said day, considerably under the influence of liquor, and when the arrived at Benninger's they filled with three putchers of wine. Just before leaving the house, one of the accused called some one a vile name and Ke-wa-din remonstrated with him, and this is where the quarrel of the night commenced, although we learn that there had been previous ill feeling. When they arrived just this side of Hi Robinson's place some harsh wordes were interchanged when the two accused took heavy clubs from the fence and knocked the two others down and commenced beating them about the heads with their clubs. Conrad Bachi, who lives near where the crime was committed, said that the Indians would pound them and then run around and whoop. Hi Robinson informs us that on Saturday night about 8 o'clock, Mary Ke-wa-din came to his house and told him that the Indians were killer her husband. Hurrying to the spot he met Wah-be-sak and Geo. Pe-ton-ne-quet, each carrying clubs, and upon going down the road some distance, found Peter Ke-wa-din and P.M. lying on the ground. Throwing the light of his lantern upon them he says he never saw such a sight. Ke-wa-din was lying in a pool of blood, and his face all covered with blood. Mr. Robinson says he went immediately for water and bathed Pe-ton-ne-quet's [sic, shoud be Ke-wa-din's] face, and found a fearful wound just above his right eye, the skull completely crushed in. After bathing his face he says that he lived about twenty minutes. The next morning on going to the spot he found a piece of the skull, which is now in Dr. Bailey's possession. P.M.'s wounds were of such a serious nature that he was thought to be dying several times. His skull was crushed in about his right eye, in almost the same place that Pe-ton-ne-quet's [sic, should be Ke-wa-din's] was, and it is said he cannot live. The prisoners waved examination Monday, and on Tuesday they were taken to Bellaire, where their trial will come off before the Circuit Court next December."

31 Oct 1882 - Case filed

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 17 Nov 1882 "P.M., the Indian so badly pounded by two other Indians a week or so ago, is now recovering and may possibly recover."

Probate papers of Chief George Tahbahsegezhick who died in June. [7 of 74 pages]

  

Probate records for George's minor children [3 of 17 pages]

With the death of George, Kewadin became chief.

From Torch Lake The History of Was-Wah-Go-Ning by Mary Kay McDuffie and Edward R. McDuffie, 2009. page 201.  "The Indians were generally friendly, but for the most part lived quietly among themselves. They didn't bother the settlers, but there were some things about which they were curious. By the early 1880s, the Larson family had taken over the farm located just to the south of what had originally been known as Alcott's Point, changing the name to Larson's Point. When twin girls were born at the Larson farm, word spread rapidly throughout the area. The Larson family had lived at the location for some time and the Indians were familiar with the Larson Homestead, outbuildings, and well-tended garden. But the Indians were curious about white twins. After hearing the news, several Indians walked silently into the Larson home, stood quietly looking down at the two tiny baby girls, and left as silently as they had arrived, their curiosity satisfied."

Land purchases

John Me-me (20 Mar 1882 + 20 Jan 1883) – 2 lots in section 3

Amos O. Won-ne-shic – 5 lots in section 3

George D. Wyckoff became the first postmaster of Kewadin on 4 Jun 1883. The town, which was occupied only by Indians until 1876, and previously called Indiantown, was named Kewadin after a local Indian chief.

On 16 Jun 1883 witnesses were subpoenaed in the murder case.

Detroit Free Press - 24 Jun 1883

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 29 Jun 1883 "At the adjourned term of the Circuit Court the Indians held for trial for murder were sentenced four years in State prison. Martin Martinson, the Swede, who was also taken for murder received seven years."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 6 Jul 1883 "Raphael Brown, an Indian, drank too much 4th of July whiskey, and became engaged in a fight with another Indian. He was arrested and placed in our handsome new lockup, and was allowed his liberty by Justice McLaughlin on condition that he would testify from whom he received the liquor."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 17 Aug 1883 "Last week there were about three hundred Indians encamped near Fife Lake. They were huckle-berrying."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 14 Sep 1883 "P.M. caught a nine-pound Mackinaw trout with hook and line in the bay Wednesday."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 12 Oct 1883 "The superintendents of the poor have filed a petition in the probate court praying that a guardian be appointed for Ke-wa-din, an aged Indian."

Antrim County probate Calendar page 55 show that Kewadin is listed as an incompetent person, file 109. On 9 Oct 1883 the petition for guardianship was filed, 18 Oct 1883, citetian [sic] issued, 3 Dec letters of guardianship and guardian's bond filed.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 16 Nov 1883 "Probate proceedings -- In the matter of the alleged incompetency of Ke-wa-din. Testimony taken, and order entered appointing Alex. Campbell, guardian upon filing bond.

Martin Noonday, 48, married Nancy Ka-me-wan-kung, 33, on 25 Dec 1883. George Naday, local deacon, performed the ceremony. Edward Naw-saw and John )-me-ne were witnessess.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 7 Mar 1884 "During the morning services in the Indian Church last Sunday the roof took fire from a defective stove pipe and but for the united efforts of the congregation the building would have been destroyed. A new pipe was procured in time for afternoon service when a collection was taken and the pipe paid for."

The 1884 The Traverse Region describes “A small settlement of Indians owns lands in the western part of the town. They live in a little village at the north end of Elk Lake, and farm only on a very small scale, the Indians spending their time mostly in fishing and hunting, or in work for the whites, while the squaws do nearly all the planting, hoeing and harvesting. This is the only Indian settlement in the county.

The town was originally called Wawahghedek, after an Indian chief. It was also known as Indian Town and Sunnyside."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 10 Oct 1884 "An Indian boy fell into Elk river on Saturday morning. S.S. Spaulding hearing his cry for help ran out on the saw logs with which the river is filled and rescued poor Lo, but not without getting a thorough ducking himself."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 19 Oct 1884 "An Indian was drowned last Saturday night by falling into the river about the chute. His body was found in the river Sunday morning, and an inquest held, with a verdict as above. He was under the influence of liquor." [Sadly his death was not recorded in Antrim county death records and inquest records are not online, so we don't know his name.]

17 Jul 1885 saw William Ka-we-ga-moa, 30, laborer, marrying Henrietta Amoe. The ceremony was performed by Fr. P. Niermam, Catholic Priest, with witnesses Michael and Marienne Amoe.

Louis Anthony, 20, born Cross Village, married Susan Waukazoo, 17, born Northport on 26 Sep 1885 in Elk Rapids. James P. Brand, justice of the peace, performed the ceremony, with Richard W. Bagot and Mary Petoskey as witnessess.

Peter Wabiska, 40, married in Cresswell on 21 Dec 1885 to Maria Bigbone, 30, nee Bedassige, of Creswell, born Canada. Ceremony was performed by Fr. P. Paris Nuriman. Witnesses were Alexander Cooper and Henrietta Masta.

24 Dec 1885 found Amos Fox, 26, married to Rose A. Miller, 16. O.J. Golden, minister of the gospel, performed the ceremony. James Miller and C.R. Heill were the witnesses.

March began with two weddings.

John Wend-gish-kau-bi, 30, married Sophia Nenagone, 18, on 1 Mar 1886. Ceremony performed by Fr. P. Paris Nurmann, with Fred and Mary Nackerman as witnesses.

Isaac Louis, 24, married Julia Kakwene Shabadis, 20, on 2 Mar 1886. Ceremony performed by Fr. P. Paris Nurmann, with John and Attie Masta as witnesses.

In 1886 Solomon Goldman and wife deeded to the Trustees of Indian M.E. Church at Kewadin, part of lot 2 in section 11, township 29 north, range 9 west as recorded in liber 16 page 82.

Jonah Na-da, 17, laborer, married Mary Phillip, 16 on 6 Apr 1887 by Thomas J. Mitchell, justice of the peace. John A-ben-sco-hen and Mary Phillips (mother of the bride) were the witnesses.

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 22 Dec 1887 "Big Dave, the Indian preacher was selling fish near town one day lately and he told them at a place where he was selling fish that he preached at Kewadin. Sone one said 'How much do you get Dave?' 'Fifty cents a Sunday' was the reply, 'That's pretty poor pay.' 'Yes," said Dave. "And it is pretty poor preach, too."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 2 Feb 1888 "Sleepy Jim," an Indian, was arrested Saturday night for assaulting a squaw. Fined $15 and costs."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 14 Jun 1888 "John and Moses Ogemagege fined $15 each to stealing Raphael Brown's trunk which contained clothes and money. Smoke was taken to Bellaire today for thirty days visit at the capital and Ogemagege paid the fine. All Indians."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 12 Jul 1888. "Bay street has been laid out over east of the dock by the Indians. About twenty houses have been built and more are to be added."

From the Elk Rapids Progress - 16 Aug 1888 "An Indian by the name of Tom Noscow was lodged in the city mansion Monday for drunkenness.

George Mamagona, son of Mamagona and Eliza was born 23 Sep 1888.

Peter Alexander, 21, married Mary Ann, 16, on 29 Dec 1899. Ceremony performed by Thomas J. Mitchell, Justice of the Peace. Witnesses were George and Della Mitchell.

While there were no further births, marriages and deaths recorded for the people of the grove that doesn't mean that none took place, just that the events were not reported.

copyright (c) 2021 Vicki Wilson