Friday, January 20, 2023

1920s

"Between 1910 and 1920, all major industries in Elk Rapids were gone-the sawmill closed, the blast furnace and the chemical plant were sold and dismantled. The trees were all gone..." From Elk Rapids, The First Hundred Years 1850-1859 by Glenn Ruggles with Glenn Neumann.

Photo of Post Office and Gas Station - 1920


In the Federal Census taken in January of 1920 five Native families are listed in Milton township.


family #4
Mamgona, Eliza, head, owns mortgaged farm, 70, widowed, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farmer on general farm.

James, son, 48, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan,speaks English, farmer on home farm

Ben, son, 46, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farmer on home farm

Francis, son, 42, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farmer on home farm

Tillie, daughter-in-law, 19, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Gladys, 4/12, granddaughter, born Michigan, parents born Michigan



family #32
White, Peter, head, own free, 70, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out

Mary, wife, 61, white, to US 1861, naturalized 1872, can read, can't write, born Canada, father born England, mother born Ireland, speaks English

Van, John H., grandson, 1 6/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan

family #33
White, John, head, rents, 80, single, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out



family#72
Sogod, Jacob, head, rents, 70, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farmer on general farm

Mary M., wife, 80, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, does not speak English

George, John, boarder, 70, widowed, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, does not speak English, farm laborer, working out.



family #122
Fox, Amos, head, own mortgaged, 60, widowed, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farmer on general farm

William, son, 32, single, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out

Jesse, son, 30, single, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out

Ella, daughter, 28, single, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, waiter at restaurant

Fred, son, 26, single, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out

Ben, son, 24, single, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out

Mary, daughter, 17, not attending school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, farm laborer, working out

Lottie, daughter, 15, attending school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Edward, son, 14, attending school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Rosa, daughter, 12, attending school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Albert, son, 6, attending school, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English



Some of the people who lived in Milton township in the past or would in the future are found in Lumber Camp 31 near Mancelona in Antrim county.

family #211
Daniels, William, head, rents, 70, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

Jennie, wife, 50, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, doesn't speak English.

Shocko, Lily, grandchild, 21, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English


family #213
Wesley, Frank, head, rents, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

Alice, wife, 44, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, doesn't speak English

Elizabeth, daughter, 3 9/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan.

family #214
Green, Johnson, head, rents, 57, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

Susan, wife, 35, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Eva, daughter, 7, attends school, born Michigan, parents born Michigan

John, son, 4, born Michigan, parents born Michigan

William, son, 6/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan


family #215
Russett, George W., head, rents, 35, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

Julia, wife, 25, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Paul, son, 5, born Michigan, parents born Michigan

Lucy, daughter, 3 9/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan

Joseph, son, 1 6/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan

family #221
Wilson, William P., boarder (with Otho A. Payne and his family), 20, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

family #223
Smith, William K., head, rents, 47, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

Mary, wife, 43, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, doesn't speak English

Robert P., son, 21, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, laborer in lumber woods

Anna, daughter, 13, attends school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Alden, son, 11, attends school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Cora, daughter, 8, attends school, can read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Wallace, son, 1/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan


Another family with later Kewadin connections is that of Charles S. Baily, found in Mancelona township.

family #60

Baily, Charles S., head, 52, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English, sawer in lumber woods

Baily, Lucy, mother, 73, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Pasha, John, uncle, 75, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Wesley, Mary, aunt, 71, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Ramson, Emma, cousin, 25, can't read/write, born Michigan, parents born Michigan, speaks English

Ramson, Mabel, 2nd cousin, 5/12, born Michigan, parents born Michigan





Eliza Mamagona, widow of Mark Mamagona, died 29 Nov 1920 in Kewadin and was buried in the Indian Mission cemetery.


Lee Mamagona, died 1 Jan 1922 of broncho pneumonia. He was born 26 Dec 1921, the son of Benjamin Mamgona and Tillie Akin. He was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission cemetery.


David Mamagon, son of Benjamin and Tillie was said to be born 23 Apr 1923.

Former Kewadin resident James Miller died 25 Aug 1923 in Elk Rapids. 





Tillie Mamagona, wife of Benjamin, died 21 Feb 1925. She was the daughter of Steven Akins, born 15 May 1901. Cause of death was Nephritis acute. On 15 Feb 1925 she had a stillborn son, Steven (no death certificate found for him). Tillie was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission cemetery.





On 14 Jun 1926, Peter Mark Nah-we-ke-zhick, who lived in Kewadin many years before moving to Aarwood, near Rapid City in Kalkaska county, died in Leelanau County. His father, Pashawnaquong, was one of the ten first land owners in Milton township. Old P.M. as he was called, was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission cemetery.







From the Kalkaska Leader and Kalkaskain, 17 Jun 1926. 


Rosie Anderson, daughter of Thomas Anderson and Delia James, died 25 Jul 1926 in Elk Rapids. Her birth was given as 1 Jul 1926. Rosie was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission cemetery.



 Traverse City Record Eagle 27 Jun 1927 page 10. Part was reprinted 27 Jun 1928 page 26


SPIRIT OF OLD TORCH ON GUARD


BURIED INDIAN GOLD FOR WHICH WHOLE TRIBE DIED DEFIES ALL SEARCH


Descendants Of Warriors Rebuke White Men With Silence—Torch Lake Region Rich In Legend

    The colorful Torch Lake region is the setting for many Indian legends left by the tribes whose descendants now have all but vanished. Most of the Indian tales are legends. Some are not. Some are trace back to a gleam of tact. One such is the weird tale of buried gold on an Antrim count farm whose soil has already yielded many Indian relics and skeletons, and its probability is strongly suggested by the reluctance of the last surviving Indians to talk about it.

    For more than 20 years John Steiner, living back from the east shore of Torch lake, has been cognizant of the legend that on his farm was fought a battle between three Indian tribes for a huge sum in gold paid them for their lands by United States government. He has heard from the descendants of these Indians of the quarrel over the distribution of the cash—of how the tribe which held the money buried it on his place and then died to the last man rather than divulge the secret.

    Certainly no piece of land in Antrim county has been turned over quite as much as John Steiner’s even before the story had got abroad that when the timer was first cut on it, Indians in the vicinity showed an odd interest in the proceedings. When John Steiner’s father, who bought the place 33 years ago, started to pull the stumps the nearby Indians squatted about him and watched the operations with the closet attention.

    After the son came into the ownership of the place two decades ago a very old Indian, one Jacob Solomon, said: “No sell this land—ever. No sell him! Dig! Plow! Bimeby, when sweat run down face from hot summer sun, plow go bump. You find something. Then no more you sweat to plant the corn and potatoes. Other white men sweat for you. You have gold to pay ‘em for sweating!”

    Solomon, sober, would say no more. But Solomon, in his cups, hinted enough at what the plow might bump into to cause Bud White and Maurice Corey—the latter a printer and antiquarian living in Bellaire—to seek and get Mr. Steiner’s permission to dig on his land. A skeleton was unearthed in a ridge. Scores of arrow-heads, broken tomahawks, metal ornaments and such have been found in the ground. But so far no treasure has been uncovered.

    Although the story is out and is stirring the curiosity of the countryside. John Steiner and his friends are reluctant to talk. The Indians at nearby Kewadin, who are descendants of the two tribes that exterminated the tribe supposed to have buried the gold before making the division to which the others felt themselves entitled, are not any more communicative.

    But two of the principal bankers of the county—William H. Richards of the Bellaire State Bank, and Charles B. Carver, president of the Elk Rapids State Bank, have heard the story. In fact, it was in the Elk Rapids State Bank recently that old John Wa-be-quah, Peter Wa-be-squah, his younger brother: Jacob Sa-got and several other Chippewas, were questioned through Peter Anse, a French-Indian interpreted.

    “He say,” said the interpreter pointing to Peter Wa-be-squah, “that tribe tradition tell of brass kettles of gold buried long ago somewhere around here.”

    “Ask him where?” commanded Mr. Carver

    Chippewa talk intervened, with Peter shaking his head vigorously.

    “He say he don’t know where,” was the English result of a heated coloquy.

    While this was going on the older brother, John Wa-be-squah, reported to have been present with Jacob Solomon and later to have made similar remarks to John Steiner about holding the land in question for the sake of the gold, grunted loudly and shook his head at his younger brother in what seemed deep disgust at the white man’s attempts to wrest a secret from an Indian.

    The Rev. J. C. Mathews, Elk Rapids Methodist paster and also in charge of the Indian mission at the nearby village of Kewadin, was unable to induce the elder Indian to do more than grunt general denials that he knew anything about the hidden treasure.

    “P. M. once told me,” said the clergyman referring to Peter Mark, a widely known Chippewa who died in 1925 at the age c.106 years, “that he remembered an Indian came who came from the Sacs, in Wisconsin, by way of the Straits at Mackinac, with news of great import to the Michigan Indians. He said it was common for the southern Indians to go the Straits and back for Government money and salt pork. They took the money and threw the pork away. ‘Stomach no like him’ P.M. said in reference to the discarded pork.”

    “P. M. dead,” was old John Wa-be-squah’s only comment on the clergyman’s contribution to the inquiry.

    P. M.’s sister is alive at the reputed age of 110 years. She is the wife of Jacob Sa-got, one of the Indians question at the bank.

    Peter Wa-be-squah, another of the Chippewas at the cross-examination, was married many years ago to a daughter of the famous Chief Petoskey. She had been raised as his own by a preached (sic) named Doherty, who ministered to the Indians at Old Mission. One day, when the family was absent, the chief came to see her and told the young woman (who had always believed she was white) that she was his daughter. She immediately went to live among her own people and ultimately was married to Peter Wa-be-squah by the rited of the Methodist church.

    Many years later Peter appeared before Roswell Leavitt, now 84 years old, but then the young and vigorous prosecuting attorney of Antrim county. His wife accompanied his as interpreter, and through her he explained that he wished a younger squaw and, in accord with the laws of his ancestors, was putting aside the older woman—the one, of course, who was doing the interpreting, without interpolating the slightest protest on her own behalf.

    Peter, she explained, was making a preliminary inquiry as to his status before the with man’s law in case he carried out his informal divorce.

    “Were you married by the white man’s or by the Indian law?” inquired the prosecutor.

    “By the white man’s”

    Peter, when he was told that he must abide by the under which the marriage was contracted, lived with the chief’s daughter until she died.

    When the inquiry into the treasure trove supposed to be lying below the John Steiner acres adjourned from the bank to Peter’s cabin in Kewadin the investigators found there a second wife—white, well mannered and winsome. It is said that once she was married to a white man. She was being beaten by her husband when Petr, (sic) their neighbor, intervened, and won the lady’s admiration by punishing her mate with his fists. After the resulting divorce Peter, by that time a widower, married her, He is today a canoe maker and both he and his wife are highly respected in the county.

    P. M.’s sister, who also was visited, looked and acted as old as her reputed 110 years and consequently was useless as a witness.

    The Indian gold on John Steiner’s farm is not the only treasure trove which Antrim County holds. Somewhere in the east arm of Traverse Bay lies a schooner Icaded with a cargo of old-fashioned rum that antedates the advent of prohibition by more than half a century.

    She was scutted by her smuggler captain when government boats were uncomfortably close in his wake. The spot was marked by a buoy. But a storm rose and unloosened the buoy’s mooring so that all trace of the schooner was lost. Tradition says that she lies in 750 feet of water some three miles north of Elk Rapids.

[1928 version ends here.]

    Indian relics by the score have been found on the Steiner farm. That it was used for a considerable time as a camping ground is indicated by the numerous fire holes, plainly apparent even with snow on the ground. Excavation of almost any of these fire holes brings to the surface broken kettles, pottery and other utensils of aboriginal origin. The knoll near the Steiner farmhouse revealed the skeleton. In addition, arrowheads and metal ornaments of all kinds are abundant there. Successive plowing downhill for many years has reduced the knoll to a height of about 20 feet.

    “My father,” admits John Steiner, “was told the story the first year he occupied that land. That was 33 years ago. It was common talk among the homesteaders in the vicinity.”

    The fact that Steiner, who is a carpenter and has no practical use for the farm, has refused several proposed purchases, causes many to feel that he believes the treasure legend and will not part with the land until he has unearthed it.


Traverse City Record Eagle 27 Jun 1927 page 10





Baby Edward Judson Jr. died 13 Dec 1927 in Elk Rapids, the son of Edward Judson and Lucy Anderson, aged 7 month, 24 days. He was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission Cemetery


Thomas Anderson, infant son of Albert Thomas Anderson and Delia James died 18 Jan 1928 at Elk Rapids. His age was given as 3 months, 8 days. He was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission cemetery.


Former Elk Rapids resident Jacob Anderson died 17 Jun 1928 in Grand Traverse county.


The Traverse City Record Eagle 18 Jun 1928 told of the accident.

BROKEN NECK IN HOSPITAL HERE.

AUTO INJURY IS FATAL

Jacob Anderson, 70, of Bay Shore, Succumbs Sunday - Wife Better - Another Crash.

While his ages wife remains in the Munson hospital here severely injured, funeral arrangements are being made at their home at Bay Shore, near Petoskey, for Jacob Anderson, 70-year-old Indian, whose death here Sunday was the first this year from an auto accident near Traverse City.

Both Mr. and Mrs. Anderson were brought to Traverse City in an ambulance Friday morning after their touring car was ditched about a mile south of Kewadin on U.S. 31.

Mr. Anderson had a broken neck and small hope was held for his recovery. Physicians reported his condition Saturday as fair but he grew worse and Sunday morning he died. His body was taken to Bay Shore. 

Mrs. Anderson will recover, physicians say, but she will probably be confined to the hospital for some days.



Elk Rapids Progress 21 Jun 1928. [Original not available]

Aged Indian Dies From Auto Accident Friday

Jacob Anderson, age 78, of Bay Shore, who, with his wife, was injured Friday morning on U.S. 31, opposite Mr. Waldron's farm home, died Sunday noon at the Munson hospital in Traverse City.

Undertaker John Dockery conveyed the body to the home of his son, Mr. Ed Anderson, on the east side of this village on the same day and funeral was held at the Kewadin church on Wednesday afternoon.

Rev J.C. Mathews, Elk Rapids, conducting the services. Burial was made in the Indian cemetery.




Edward Judson died 14 Dec 1928 and was buried in the Kewadin Indian Mission Cemetery. He had been electrocuted will working on the damn in Elk Rapids.


Traverse City Record-Eagle 14 Dec 1928



Ed Judson, Indian Workman at Electric Plant in Elk Rapids, Forgets Danger Above Him.

Ed Judson, 32-yar-old Indian, was electrocuted while working with a Michigan Public Service company construction crew at Elk Rapids about 10 o'clock this morning.

He was working on a platform in the Elk Rapids sub-station and was bending over. When he stood erect he apparently forgot the danger above and bumped his head against a 33,000 volt power line. He fell unconscious to the floor of the sub-station 19 feet below and was dead within 30 minutes.

Three other men were working in the sub-station,, Tom Anderson on the platform with Judson and George Drew and Charles West on the floor. They were at Judson's side in an instant and attempted for some time to resuscitate him.

Judson, who lived in the Indian community at Elk Rapids, had no immediate relatives, so far as is known, J. B. Griffen, manager of the Michigan Public Service company branch, told the Record-Eagle. Funeral Services will probably be held Sunday.


Picture of Mary Sogod, date unknown. Wife of Jacob Sogod, sister of Peter Mark.



Mary Sogod died in Milton township on 2 Dec 1929 at claimed age of 116. (She was age 80 on the 1920 census; age 50 on the 1910 census; age 55 on the 1900 census).





Mount Pleasant Times 4 Dec 1929



Benton Harbor Palladium 4 Dec 1929


“When Mrs. Sogod got ill and was going to die, she wouldn't stay in her house. There was an old dilapidated table by our house. This was in October, cold, windy. She was out there, black clothes on, blowing in the wind, tattered – my gracious. She was going to die, she told me. She wouldn't die in her house.” Story from Byrnece White (nee Nelson) page 285. From "Voices on the Water An Oral and Pictorial History of Antrim County's Chain of Lakes, A Northern Michigan Journal" by Glenn Ruggles, published 1998.


Picture of Jacob Sogod date unknown.




copyright (c) 2023 Vicki Wilson



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1930s

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